The Jamaican Mangos (Anthracothorax mango) – also known as Black Hummingbirds or Black Mango Hummingbirds – are found only on the island of Jamaica.
They are particularly common along the northern coast, where they inhabit varying levels of open lowland habitat, forest edges and man-made habitats.
At the end of the flowering season at higher elevations – usually from June through August – these hummingbirds usually migrate south to mid-altitude areas and the Blue and John Crow Mountains.
Hummingbird Information
Description
The plumage is blackish with attractive iridescent magenta streaks on the cheeks down to the neck, golden / orangey sheen on the shoulders, and blue, green and golden / bronze / orange streaks over most of the body.
Their black bills are down-curved.
Juvenile males have blue throats until they are about two years old.
Diet / Feeding
Jamaican Mangos primarily feed on nectar taken from a variety of brightly colored, scented small flowers of trees, herbs, shrubs and epiphytes. They favor flowers with the highest sugar content (often red-colored and tubular-shaped) and seek out, and aggressively protect, those areas containing flowers with high energy nectar. Their favorite nectar sources include the flowers of large trees, such as Inga, Erythrina, and Ceiba or kapok.
They use their long, extendible, straw-like tongues to retrieve the nectar while hovering with their tails cocked upward as they are licking at the nectar up to 13 times per second. Sometimes they may be seen hanging on the flower while feeding.
Many native and cultivated plants on whose flowers these birds feed heavily rely on them for pollination. The mostly tubular-shaped flowers actually exclude most bees and butterflies from feeding on them and, subsequently, from pollinating the plants.
They may also visit local hummingbird feeders for some sugar water, or drink out of bird baths or water fountains where they will either hover and sip water as it runs over the edge; or they will perch on the edge and drink – like all the other birds; however, they only remain still for a short moment.
They also take some small spiders and insects – important sources of protein particularly needed during the breeding season to ensure the proper development of their young. Insects are often caught in flight (hawking); snatched off leaves or branches, or are taken from spider webs. A nesting female can capture up to 2,000 insects a day.
Males establish feeding territories, where they aggressively chase away other males as well as large insects – such as bumblebees and hawk moths – that want to feed in their territory. They use aerial flights and intimidating displays to defend their territories.
Breeding / Nesting
They nest year-round, but most nesting activities occur from January to May.
Hummingbirds are solitary in all aspects of life other than breeding; and the male’s only involvement in the reproductive process is the actual mating with the female. They neither live nor migrate in flocks; and there is no pair bond for this species. Males court females by flying in a u-shaped pattern in front of them. He will separate from the female immediately after copulation. One male may mate with several females. In all likelihood, the female will also mate with several males. The males do not participate in choosing the nest location, building the nest or raising the chicks.
The female is responsible for building the tiny cup-shaped nest out of plant fibers woven together and green moss on the outside for camouflage in a protected location in a shrub, bush or tree (or as can be seen on the image to the right – they may take advantage of man-made structures). She lines the nest with soft plant fibers, animal hair and feather down, and strengthens the structure with spider webbing and other sticky material, giving it an elastic quality to allow it to stretch to double its size as the chicks grow and need more room. The nest is typically found on a low, skinny horizontal branch.
The average clutch consists of two white eggs, which she incubates alone for about 16 to 17 days, while the male defends his territory and the flowers he feeds on. The young are born blind, immobile and without any down.
The female alone protects and feeds the chicks with regurgitated food (mostly partially-digested insects since nectar is an insufficient source of protein for the growing chicks). The female pushes the food down the chicks’ throats with her long bill directly into their stomachs.
The chicks are brooded only the first week or two, and left alone even on cooler nights after about 12 days – probably due to the small nest size. The chicks leave the nest when they are about 24 days old.
Their nests have been observed on trees that were beset with Pseudomyrmex stinging ants. It is possible that these hummingbirds deliberately select such trees for nesting in order to deter predators.
Alternate (Global) Names
Chinese: ??????? … Czech: KolibrÃk mango, kolib?Ãk mangový … Danish: Jamaicamango … Finnish: Jamaikanhohtokolibri … French: Mango de Jamaïque … German: Jamaicamango … Italian: Mango della Giamaica … Japanese: jamaikamangoahachidori … Norwegian: Ametystmango … Polish: weglik purpurowy, w?glik purpurowy … Russian: ???????-????? … Slovak: jagavicka ciernobruchá, jagavicka ?iernobruchá, jagavi?ka ?iernobruchá … Spanish: Mango Jamaiquino … Swedish: Jamaikamango
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