The Baillon’s Crakes (Porzana pusilla) is a very small waterbird of the family Rallidae.
This bird is named after French naturalist Louis Antoine Francois Baillon. The names Marsh Crake and Tiny Crake have previously been used to refer to this species.
Description:
The Baillon’s Crakes are 16-18cm in length, and are similar to the only slightly larger Little Crake. It has a short straight bill, yellow or green without a red base.
Adults have mainly brown upperparts with some white markings, and a blue-grey face and underparts. The rear flanks are barred black and white. They have green legs with long toes, and a short tail which is barred underneath.
Immature Baillon’s Crakes are similar to the adults, but have extensively barred underparts. The downy chicks are black, as with all rails. They will typically have mucky-pink legs, a darker face and less obvious ‘tramlines’ down the tertials (= the flight feathers that are closest to the bird’s body along the wing) than a Little Crake.
Distribution / Habitat:
Their breeding habitat is sedge beds in Europe, mainly in the east, and across Asia.
They used to breed in Great Britain up to the mid-19th century, but the western European population declined through drainage.
They nest in a dry location in wet sedge bogs, laying 4-8 eggs. This species is migratory, wintering in east Africaand south Asia.
It is also a resident breeder in Africa and Australasia. Astonishingly, there is a single North American record of this species on Attu Island in September 2000.
Diet
These birds probe with their bill in mud or shallow water, also picking up food by sight. Their diet consists mainly of insects and aquatic animals.
Call / Song
They are then noisy birds, with a rattling call like that of the Edible Frog, or perhaps Garganey.
Status
International
The Baillon’s Crake is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
Australia
Baillon’s Crakes are not listed as threatened on the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. However, their conservation status varies from state to state within Australia. For example:
- The Baillon’s Crake is listed as threatened on the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988). Under this Act, an Action Statement for the recovery and future management of this species has not yet been prepared.
- On the 2007 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in Victoria, the Baillon’s Crake is listed as vulnerable.
